Photocatalytic Removal of Ciprofloxacin in Water by Novel Sandwich-Like CuFe2O4 on rGO/Halloysite Material: Insights into Kinetics and Intermediate Reactive Radicals

In this study, the CuFe2O4 on rGO/halloysite material was made in an uncomplicated manner. The catalyst has a sandwich-like shape with uniform coating of active phase rGO sheets and halloysite tubes. catalyst’s large specific surface area (130 m2/g) small band gap energy (1.9 eV) allow it to adsorb photons photocatalyze organic contaminants effectively. approximately 1 h light, showed high performance achieving almost complete conversion photodegrading CIP for initial concentration 20 ppm. A pseudo-first-order rate law followed by process, as revealed experimental results. addition, pH effect contribution intermediate reactive radicals that emerged during photochemical process were explored. results indicated hydroxyl holes had major impact decomposition, suggesting addition these could enhance degradation efficiency at larger scale. This study also confirmed superiority catalysis processes environmental treatments neutral values.